• 1銆label棣欐腐璁(🎿)拌呬(xì )负浠涔堟埓澶(⌚)寸洈
• 2銆label宀(🗿)宠姵鑻卞(⛲)湪鐢佃涓婂(👀)彂鐜(duī(🛣) )伴珮蹇(jiǎn )楄繙(fán )鏄鍑犻泦
• 4銆label鍘(🥋)嗗(🐙)彶涓婃湁鍝簺浜轰鸡鎯

1銆label棣(♒)(dì )欐腐(➡)璁拌呬(xì )负浠(👜)涔堟(😾)埓(liě )澶寸洈

2銆label宀宠姵鑻卞湪鐢(🛃)佃涓婂彂鐜伴(🥏)珮蹇(jiǎn )楄繙(😓)鏄(🌥)鍑犻(🙁)泦

鏅氫(👐)笂锛岄珮寤哄浗涓嬬彮鍥炲埌瀹讹(🍻)紝(rèn )宀(bǎo )宠(🚚)姵(🌯)鑻卞綋鍗(🖲)冲枈(🍋)浣忥紝鎶婄櫧(😹)澶湅(😔)瑙佷簡楂(zhā )樺織杩(🏮)滅(miè )殑浜嬪憡(💫)璇夐珮寤哄浗銆傜櫧澶湪鐢佃涓婅(🦏)鍒伴珮蹇楄繙鍙涓嫳璋堝垽浠鏉埌棣欐腐ftp杩炴帴(jiǎn )鍚庯紝宀宠姵鑻辩珛鍗(😦)冲氨(🏠)璺戝幓浼氶锛岃繙(fán )杩滃(wēng )湴鐪嬭楂樺織杩(👷)滃拰璁拌(🦓)呭(yì(😅) )湪璋堣(🆘)瘽(qín )锛屽(àn )渤鑺宠嫳鍠婁簡(jiǎn )楂樺織(zhī )杩滅殑鍚嶅瓧鍗磋繕娌湁(💆)鑳藉(👤)寰楀埌楂樺織杩滅殑(🕸)鍥炲簲銆imgsrchttpimg1gtimgcomcdpicshv125222559238552427jpg楂(📠)樺缓鍥戒(🔂)竴(cūn )鍚(🌏)氨浠(⏲)栦滑鏉簡姘旓紝鎬荤畻鍜岄珮(🤑)蹇(🔗)楄繙鍐嶆鐩(💂)搁(🚷)紝(rèn )宀(bǎo )宠姵鑻卞钩(👦)鏃剁(duò )殑澶(chán )棑闂(🤤)効绔(🦊)炵劧钄簡(📟)锛岀湡鏄(tuá(🙅)n )叧閿(wén )椂鍒(róu )绘帀閾惧(jù(🌇) )瓙銆傚渤鑺宠(chǒng )嫳涔熸槑鐧(🥥)借嚜(🚬)宸辫(🗞)禌鏋滅晱缂(kè )棤璇(💉)濆(pēn )彲璇(♋)(xuán )达紝灏嗙(🌘)濂(🌪)藉悕(xī(🎹) )瀛(🔟)楃殑鎶垫娂鍚堢害浜(🍪)(bāng )粰浣犱滑楂(🤣)樺缓鍥戒(🐵)究鍥(qiè(🐷) )炲眿韬(🦑)茬(🐰)(chá )潃鍥(qiè )炪p

3銆label鏈夋病鏈夋亹(🌝)鎬栫殑灏忕(🎺)瀵嗗彲浠(🍅)垎浜(bāng )h3

2003骞寸殑鏃(🧞)跺欙紝閭椂鍊欐垜鎵(jiā )0宀(🍸)侊紝鎴戣寰楅潪甯告(🔏)竻(lè )妤氾(🌶)紝(rèn )鍦埛(🎽)鐖峰鐨勫(🏢)妲愭爲涓嬪彂鐢熶簡鑷充粖鎴戦兘璁负闈炲(🕰)父鍙曠殑浜嬫儏銆h1閭涓崍锛屾垜鐜板(🙃)湪鍙笉(🚹)杩囦(👀)粈涔(cén )堥兘鐪(🏷)嬩(🌐)笉娓呮鎴戣寰楋紝澶皵闈(💜)炲父澶儹锛屼篃鏄殤鍋(🌋)囷紝(rè(🥌)n )浠(🦂)墠澶湴閮借(🗽)鐑寲(👋)浜(🤲)嗕竴(🌧)(cūn )鏍枫p

鎴(xí(😃) )戝悆瀹屼(🥖)互鍚庡(yǐ )崍楗拰鎴戠埛鐖锋(➡)垜鍏荤(🚠)殑澶(chán )粍鐙椾竴璧风帺锛屾垜鎵旀湪澶村畠缁欐垜(🎛)鍙煎(jiān )嚭鍘伙紝姝帺寰楀紑(fóu )蹇冪殑鏃跺(🚗)欙紝蹇界劧(zhǐ )闂(💖)撮(🚃)棿(🔄)澶(🕺)粍鐙楀(yǔ )啿鍚戦櫌(yōu )闂紝缁(zī )撴潫浣(huàn )垮姴(📰)鐨勫(fān )彨锛屾(🧘)垜灏卞噯澶囧鍘绘(🤓)(huì )壘瀹冿紝(🏝)鐪嬩竴涓(🍔)嬪(🤐)彂鐢熶(🦁)簡浠涔堜簨(🚡)鎯(😹)呫p

鍙槸瀹冨(🐛)洖鍘(🥌)(zhá )讳互(🖋)鍚庝互鍚(yá(🌆)ng )庡拷(🍵)(kǎ(🚣)o )鐒堕棿(💁)灏变笉(🔝)鍙簡锛(📻)屽(💹)鐫灏惧反灏(hào )卞(⬇)洖(💗)鍘讳簡锛岃娓(🤭)呮杩(🌧)欏(🤵)(luó )彧澶粍鐙椾絾鏄浉褰撳潥寮虹殑(🍸)锛屾湁杩囧拰鏉(shòu )戦噷(hēn )闈(🍽)殑澶嫾鐙(🐄)楀挰鏋堕兘娌湁杈撹繃锛屼絾瀹冮(😓)偅(zhòng )鏃跺(🧒)欑殑鏍峰瓙锛(bē(🌾)n )岀湅(🗡)涓婂幓鍍忔槸(yì(🕥) )鐪嬪埌浜嗗寮烘(hōng )倣鐨勪簨(👢)鎯呬竴(cū(🈷)n )鏍(luó(⚓) )凤紝(rèn )鎴戜篃鍚撳緱鏁(suǒ )嚭(💰)(pǐ )闂簡(jiǎn )銆(mò )p

涓嶈繃鐖(👡)风埛瀹剁(duò(🏮) )殑闄棬澧欏褰撶劧(zhǐ )涓嶉(zuǐ )珮锛屼篃灏变竴(🤨)绫冲(🌋)(chōng )乏鍙筹紝鑰屼(🔀)笖鏈変竴(📹)娈(🧘)垫(diàn )槸鏈妗瓙锛岃(💍)繖涓椂鍊欐垜灏辫洞鍒版瀛愬悗闈(🤢)線澶栫(🤼)湅锛(🎂)岀獊鐒堕棿闂存(cún )昏寰椾竴鑲緢鍑夌殑椋(liáng )庡氨鍚逛簡杩涙潵锛岀(🌅)劧(🕒)鍚(yáng )庡(yǐ )啀鎱戜汉涓(⤵)嶅彲鎬濊(wè(🛃)i )鐨勪簨鎯(🍾)呭氨鍙(🥈)戠敓浜嗕粈涔堜簡(🌴)锛屼竴(cū(❗)n )涓緢楂樺(huà )緢鐦鐫澶(💴)潅涔变笉鍫殑浜猴紝(🗾)閭(✈)潃(⏪)涓鏍(🏊)瑰绮楀(yǔ )鐨勬瀛愬氨璧颁簡涓婃潵锛屼絾(🐩)(chéng )鏄蛋(dà(🍀)n )鐨勫(fān )緢鎱緢鐤叉(👧)儷锛屼粬涓彧(yù )鐪艰寰楁槸(🍉)绌(💋)虹殑锛岃儭瀛愬鍙戜篃閭箞鐭紝澶氬骞(🎾)撮緞鎴戜篃鐪嬩笉杩涘幓锛屼粬鐩寸(💕)洿(wū )鐨勫(👆)氨璧颁(🐸)簡杩囧幓浜嗐傜劧鍚庡啀灏辫共鍦埛(👏)鐖风(🌕)殑涓妫靛妲愭(🗂)爲(wèi )涓嬶(✌)紝(rè(👻)n )韫插湪閭噷鍚冧笢瑗挎(kuà )椂锛屽悆鐨勪粈涔堟垜涔熸(jiān )病娉剰鍒(róu )帮紝(rèn )浣嗘槸(⏯)鏄(💽)寰(👓)楀(🚻)悆鐩稿(gǎo )緢(🍴)(máo )鎭(zhēn )愭栵(🏁)紝褰撴(dūn )椂鎴(🍇)(xí(💟) )戜篃娌暍(🐛)闇插(🐦)锛岄(🍄)偅鏄紡鍦湪妗瓙鍚庨潰锛(🏊)岀洿鍒(🖨)颁(bān )粬鎱(yuán )參鐨勮蛋杩溿(🎶)傜(yá(🕗)o )瓑浠(📈)栬蛋杩滀簡鎴戞墠鍘绘壘澶粍锛屽榛勯偅(zhòng )涓涓嬪崍閮(🆑)藉(jiè )氨娌庝(🧙)箞鍔p

鍚庢潵鎴戜滑涓(🐎)涓嬫锛屽惉鏉戦(📰)噷(hēn )闈殑浜鸿(🌶)(hóng )锛(🥩)屾垜浠潙瀛愰噷闈墠(🏼)鍑犲(🐦)鏉簡涓涓伃闂(🍮)箣绁告(👬)潃浜虹姱锛屾潃(😩)浜嗛殧澹佸幙(mù )鐨勪竴涓潙鏀(🕕)功(🚃)鍏(🐲)8鍙(hù )紝鍚杩囨槸鍙笉(🏼)(qǐn )杩囨瀬(🛳)鍖栫敓鐜夌殑鍘熷(🍳)洜锛屽惉璇(xuán )村悗鏉(📫)璀療(👹)(liáo )鏁戣蛋浜(🥨)嗐p

鎴(🌥)戣繖涓椂鍊欐墠娓呮浠墠(chǎn )璺笂缁忚繃鐨勬(juān )槸涓涓潃浜虹(🚤)姱銆傜幇鍦兂涓鎯抽兘涓闃靛悗鎬曚(🚫)笉(qǐ(⏸)n )宸插拰鍏韩鍙戞姈銆(😈)p

4銆label鍘(🥗)(zhá )嗗彶(jí )涓婃湁鍝簺(sà(🎦)i )浜轰鸡(😧)(jī )鎯

杩(mà )囦簡鍑犳棩涓浣(❤)嶅巻鍙蹭笂鏈娈嬫棤(🏘)浜轰鸡鐨勭(♈)殗甯濓紝浠栦笉浠(xī )呭紤鐖剁浜嗙殗浣(huàn )嶏紝杩樺嚮(xiàng )鏉浜(🆑)嗗厔闀(📊)匡紝濂歌(🚢)颈浜嗘瘝浜(🚣)诧紝(🍑)姝汉(hàn )閭氨(😇)鏄(🆓)殝鐐甯(💬)濄p

鏉箍鏄殝鏂(ōu )囧笣鏉潥鐨勫効(🖊)瀛愶紝姝(shū )汉闃撮櫓姣掕(🕷)荆锛(bēn )屽伐浜庡績(🍀)璁(🥃)紝(rè(⚓)n )涓斿張浼(měi )氫(🍌)吉瑁呫傚綋鏃讹(🔇)紝鏉箍鐨勫(🍳)摜鍝潹(🙆)鍕(jun1 )囧凡琚珛涓哄瀛愶(🎱)紝浣嗘潹骞垮嵈(huàn )鏃犳椂(🕢)鏃犲(🔟)埢杩樺湪瑙(nǎo )戣鐨囦綅銆(🥙)備粬(qū )寰堟竻妤(🐄)氾紝闃荤(hūn )浠栫櫥涓婄殗浣嶇殑姣旇緝澶(🥫)殰纰嶆槸鏉媷锛屼粬闇瑕佸敖閫(🚆)熸潃(🧓)姝昏(🚰)繖绉(🔺)嶉(👊)殰(dú )纰嶃傝(tà )岋(🍂)紝鏉箍缁(zī(🏧) )撴(🤒)潫瑷璇幓璁鐖剁殗鏉潥锛(bēn )屽苟灏嗚(wū )嚜宸遍櫡闃辨垚涓(juān )浣嶉噸鎯(láng )呴噸涔夌殑浠佹厛鍚涘瓙(🌊)銆(🕐)p

鏈変竴娆紝鏉潥(😀)鏃犳(😗)剰(🤟)涓潵鍒版潹(chán )骞跨殑浣忓锛(bēn )屼粬绐佺劧鍙戠幇鏉箍鐨(fèi )勪功(⏺)(gōng )妗堜笂鎽嗘弧浜嗕(➖)功鍗凤紝鑰屼竴鏋(🤪)剁惔鍒欒鍐峰喎鍦板湴(🎷)绌虹疆(🥅)浜庝竴涓钀斤(jīn )紝涓婇(cǎi )潰瀹屽叏瑕嗙洊浜嗕竴灞傜伆(🏵)灏(hào )樸傛潹鍧氫粠鑰屼互(🚅)涓猴(hó(🏌)u )紝(rèn )鏉(🔌)(shòu )箍鏈笉鍠(💜)滀笉鍠滀簬锛屽嵈鏄竴涓瀛笉(qǐn )鍊(💻)殑璇讳功浜猴紝蹇呮槸蹇楀悜杩滃銆(🖌)傝繕鏈変竴涓竴娆(⚫)(ráo )紝鏉箍(gū )璺(😎)熺潃(xǐn )鍑犲悕闅(🗒)忎(🔣)粠鍘昏(hūn )鐚庯紝鍦鏃锋棤浜(🤧)虹殑閲庡鍒(🤵)氬(📂)阀閬囧埌浜嗕簡涓鍦哄(hǒng )闆紝闅忎粠(hóng )浠悍绾疯劚涓嬭嚜宸辩(biàn )殑琛涓烘潹骞挎姭濂芥尅闆紝鍙(📃)潹骞(📳)垮嵈鏂(ōu )劧鍦颁笉鍙楋紝璇翠綘(Ⓜ)浠劚浜(bāng )嗚鏈嶄(➰)负鎴戞尅闆紝浣犱滑鍙(👦)楁穻鎴(💯)戜簬蹇冧笉蹇嶏(📈)紝涓嶅鎴戜滑涓璧(bì(♑) )疯闆穻鍚(🏩)紒(〰)杩欎欢浜嬫儏琚(㊗)潹鍧氬(yà )惉璇磋繃浜嗭紝(rèn )瀵(fè(🎏)n )规潹骞垮張澶(chán )氫(🕓)簡鍑犲垎濂芥劅锛岃鐫(juān )浠栧崄(yǎn )鍒嗙埍涔嬪績銆(🚹)p

澶瓙鏉媷涓嶈繃(💥)灏辫(biàn )繕娌湁澶(🤾)鐨勫績(jì )鏈猴(😊)紝(rèn )涓嶆渶(yīng )鍠勯暱琛幇锛(🙁)岄殝鏂囧笣鏉潥瀵硅繖(sǎ(💨)n )浣嶅(áo )瀛愪(👏)竴鐩翠笉鐢氬璋簡(jiǎn )锛(bēn )岀幇(🏂)鍦笌(yá )鏉箍涓姣(😇)旇緝姣旇緝锛屾洿鎬(🚍)昏寰楁棤鍫(qiāo )鐢(⏯)傚彟锛屾湞寤(🈳)蜂(😘)(fēng )腑鐨勮澶氬(👃)鑷(🏯)兘涓庢(🏡)潹骞夸氦鎯(🤬)呬笉(🐁)閿(wén )欙(🕖)紝(rèn )涓(juān )炵浉鏉礌(➿)(lě(🐝)i )鏇(🧣)存槸鏉箍鐨勯(dān )搧(🧖)鍝滑(huá )锛(🔢)屽湪浠栦滑(huá )鐨勯(dān )紦鍔笅锛岄殝鏂囧笣鍒版(bǎn )渶鍚(🥝)庡簾鏉媷鑰(⬇)屾敼绔(🥖)嬫潹骞夸负澶(🧚)瓙銆p

鏉箍鍋氫簡(🚎)澶(🧑)瓙鍚庯紝闅嬫(👴)枃甯濅(🍡)究灏嗘湞鏀垮浜嬮兘浜笌鏉箍澶勭悊(zhé(🎻) )锛岃嚜宸卞(📿)畾(🤗)涓嬪績鍦粊(bǐ )瀵(🚵)垮鍏荤梾(🧑)銆傚(xiào )啀(ái )鍚庢潵锛岄殝(zhēn )鏂囧(jiǒng )笣鐨(🌍)勭(🔗)梾鍔(⛑)挎棩娓(wě(🙊)i )愪(🙋)綆(🕋)娌(🛁)夛紝(🐨)渚(🥥)垮彫(🐔)鏉(shòu )箍鏉粊(🚏)瀵垮浜(👲)唬(🏺)(hǔ )鍚庝簨(🥞)锛屼(♋)互闃蹭(⏬)竾涓銆傛鏃剁(duò )殑鏉箍(🚈)(gū(🤹) )锛屾棭浠笉鍐嶉煬(yáng )鍏夊吇鏅紝浠栧嚌瑙嗙潃(🧤)濂勫涓鎭殑鐖剁殗锛屽(àn )績(🚊)涓繕娌(🍺)湁鍗婂垎鎮(zhèn )蹭(📽)(cè(🐴)ng )激锛屽(🚂)弽鍊(🙊)掓劅瑙夌殗(yè )浣嶈揩(🦗)鍦湁(🔠)鐫(🍩)紝涓嶇绗(㊗)戦(👵)愰寮銆傞殝鏂囧(jiǒng )笣(😘)铏芥畫鍠橈紝浣嗕粬(qū )棰嗘偀鍒颁簡鏉箍姝椂(🍬)鐨勫績鎬濓紝瑙夌(🥋)潃(🛫)鑷繁鐪嬭(ěr )蛋浜嗙溂锛岄夐敊浜嗗瀛愶紝闅忓悗澶獋涓閫氭潹绱(🦒)犮p

杩欎竴娆紝鍙(💉)堝(🕢)(wō )彂鐢熶簡涓浠朵簨鎯(🐢)咃紝浠殝鏂(ōu )囧笣(bāo )涓(🛐)嬬(🥔)(nòu )嫚(🛅)蹇(jiǎn )冭閲(🌅)嶇珛鏉媷(🦈)涓(⤵)哄瀛愩傚師鏉紝闅嬫枃甯濇湁涓鍚嶇埍(juǎn )濡冨彨瀹崕澶汉(🥓)锛屽(🦈)涓(juān )鐩撮(🔴)櫔渚嶅湪(🤰)鏉潥鐨(🖇)勭梾姒诲墠銆傛潹骞(qiān )挎潵(🔗)鍘(zhá(➕) )绘帰鏈(🕓)涚埗(bù )鐨囨椂锛(🚦)岀珶鍙槸(yì )鍠滄(cāng )涓(🥫)婁簡瀹(yuè )崕(yá )澶汉鐨勫璨屻傞氳繃杈堝垎锛屾潹(🕔)骞胯偗瀹氱瀹崕澶汉涓烘瘝(🌩)浜(bāng )诧紝浣嗕粬涓濇涓嶇(qū )悊浼氫汉(⚫)浼紝褰(qiā(🐼)n )诲簳娣浜嗗銆p

瀹(🦃)崕澶汉鍚(yáng )戦(🔻)(zhàn )殝鏂囧笣(bāo )鍛(duàn )婂瘑浜嗘潹骞跨殑鍏借(🙈)锛(🏐)岄殝鏂囧笣鎬掍笉鍙亸锛屼究缁欏簾澶瓙鏉媷涓嬪(pín )瘑鏃紝娆茶浠栦笉鑳界户鎵跨殗浣嶃傚彲鎯滐紝(🕰)瀵嗘棬閮借繕娌嚭(🅾)瀹紝渚(🏷)胯涓炵浉鏉礌缁欐姠浜嗛(👒)澶(🎠)翠簡锛(🤦)屼粠(🚕)鑰屾(⭕)潹骞夸究(jiū )鐭(yù(😄) )檽(🔧)(nòu )浜(bāng )嗕竴鍒(🐕)囥傚湪(🎆)鏉礌(❌)鐨勫崗鍔笅锛(🤨)屼(wù(😼) )竴(🔼)(cūn )鍦(shī )鸿鑵(📉)斂(🥍)鍙(🏤)(hù )樺啀(🌷)(á(🙀)i )娆垎(hè )鍙戜簡銆傛潹骞垮畨鎺掑(🅾)浜嗗彲淇殑鍗叺(chǐ )鎺埗骞跺叆涓(juā(🤳)n )讳簡(🔦)闆烽福浠(xī )佸瀹紝(rèn )鎺(😦)(zǔ(🐊) )潃灏嗛殝鏂囧笣鏉姝伙紝浠(xī )栫櫥鍩(tiǎn )轰负(fù )甯(🚘)濈鍙栦簡鐨囦綅銆p

鏉箍褰撲笂鐨囧(jiǒ(💯)ng )笣(👤)锛屼究椤虹悊鎴愮珷(❄)鍦(🤢)板湴鐙嚜闇稿(gǎo )崰浜嗗(wā )鍗庡浜猴紝(👝)灏嗚繖浣嶆(➗)瘝浜茬撼涓哄(hǒng )珨濡冦備粬(🗑)鏄(🕣)负宸浐鑷繁鐨(💾)勭殗浣(huàn )嶏紝杩樺皢鍝摜鏉媷鏁欐潗涔犻瑙(🐫)瓟涔(🐺)濅釜鍎垮瓙褰诲(🌟)簳鏉(shòu )姝伙紝杩(🤴)欎竴鍑轰汉(👢)浼(🥖)儴鍓紝鍦崐(kūn )涓腑(fǔ )鍥藉巻鍙蹭(cè(🥟)ng )笂(wán )涔熸瀬(🎏)涓哄皯瑙侊(guā(😓)ng )紒(🦊)

濂囬椈寮(liáo )備(bèi )簨(🌽)锛岀(🐲)簿褰(💚)悍(hàn )鍛堬紒(🚬)鍠滄灏卞叧娉锛侌(🐔)煃馃崁